Using Our Articles

Marketing or Science publishes evidence reviews of specific claims made in health and beauty marketing. Each article addresses a single claim — for example, "retinol reduces wrinkles" or "biotin supplementation improves hair growth" — and evaluates the quality and consistency of the supporting clinical literature.

We do not publish general wellness content, product recommendations, or lifestyle advice. Our scope is narrow by design: we want to answer specific questions with the rigour they deserve.

What Our Verdicts Mean

Each article concludes with one of three verdicts:

• Supported — The claim is consistent with the weight of current clinical evidence.
• Partial — The evidence is mixed, limited, or applies only under specific conditions.
• Unsupported — The claim is contradicted by, or lacks meaningful support from, the available evidence.

Verdicts reflect the state of published research at the time of writing. Science changes; we update articles when significant new evidence warrants it.

How to Cite Us

When sharing or referencing an article, please attribute Marketing or Science by name and include a link to the original URL. Example:

"According to Marketing or Science (marketingorscience.com), the evidence for [claim] is [verdict] as of [article date]."

For academic or professional citation, treat our articles as secondary sources and cite the primary studies we reference directly where possible.

Limitations

Our reviews are not systematic reviews or meta-analyses. We do not conduct original research. Our verdicts summarise available evidence as assessed by our editorial team and should not substitute for expert clinical judgment or peer-reviewed analysis.

See also: Our methodology — Corrections policy